Biodiesel

Biodiesel is one  of alternative energy being developed. Biodiesel is a fuel for diesel engine  in the form of ester alkhyl or alkhyl fatty acids (usually methyl ester) are made from vegetable oils through a process of esterification. The term biodiesel is identical to the pure fuel. Biodiesel mixture (BXX) as much as XX `% biodiesel mixed with diesel fuel some 1-XX%

The Background of need for Biodiesel :

Diesel fuel in the form of methyl ester / ethyl fatty acids. Made from vegetable oils-fats with the metanolisis / etanolisis. Residual products : glycerol or of fatty acids (free) by the esterification with methanol / ethanol. Residual product : water Compatible with diesel fuel, lubricating helpless better. Yield of sulfur is almost nil, generally <15 ppm. BXX = camp. XX-vol% biodiesel with (100 - XX)-vol% diesel. Example: B5, B20, B100. Was effective to improve the quality of diesel engine emissions in the waste dengerous level!. 

Use of Biodiesel profits

1. Generated from renewable energy resources and the availability of raw materials is assured
2. Cetane number (CN) high (number that indicates whether or not the measure of the quality of diesel fuel based on the nature of the speed of the combustion in the chamber)
3. High viscosity so as to have better lubrication properties than diesel fuel thereby extending the life of the machine
4. Can be produced locally
5. Has a low sulfur content
6. Lower levels of smoke opacity
7. Lowering exhaust emissions
8. Blending biodiesel with petroleum diesel to improve biodegradibility petroleum diesel to 500%

Biodiesel Feedstock

Vegetable oil as the main source of biodiesel can be satisfied by a wide variety of plant species dependent on primary resource that is widely available at a place / country. Indonesia has many resources for biodiesel feedstock.

Some potential sources of vegetable oils as biodiesel feedstock.

Name	Oil Resource	contents % Dry Weight	P / NP
Jatropha Curcas	Bean nuclei	40-60	NP
Riccinus Communis	Bean	45-50	NP
Arachis Hypogea	Bean	35-55	P
Ceiba Pantandra	Bean	24-40	NP
Hevea Brasiliensis	Bean	40-50	P
Psophocarpus Tetrag	Bean	15-20	P
Cocos Nucifera	Bean nuclei	60-70	P
Moringa Oleifera	Biji	30-49	P
Aleurites Moluccana	Bean nuclei	57-69	NP
Sleichera Trijuga	Fiber	55-70	NP
Azadiruchta Indica	Bean nuclei	40-50	NP
Adenanthera Pavonina	Bean nuclei	14-28	P
Elais Suincencis	Bean	45-70 + 46-54	P
Callophyllum Lanceatum	Bean nuclei	40-73	P
Bombax Malabaricum	Bean	18-26	NP
Annona Muricata	Bean nuclei	20-30	NP
Annona Squosa	Bean	15-20	NP