Steam Power Plant

FUNCTION

Steam power plant is a type of thermal power plant that is widely used, as it has high efficiency, so as to generate electrical energy economically. Steam power plant is energy conversion machine that converts chemical energy into electrical energy fuel. The process of converting the energy in Steam power plant takes place through three stages, namely:
First, the chemical energy in the fuel is converted into thermal energy in the form of water vapor that has a high pressure and temperature.
Second, the heat energy of water vapor is converted into mechanical energy in the form of round.
Third, the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy
.

PRINCIPLE OF WORK

Steam power plant using water-steam working fluid that circulated is a closed system. Closed-cycle means using the same fluid repeatedly. The order of its circulation in a nutshell is as follows:
First, the water flowed into the boiler up to full fill the entire surface area of the removal of heat. In the boiler water is heated by hot gas combustion of fuel with the air so that it turns into steam.
Second, the steam generated from the boiler with a certain pressure and temperature are directed to rotate the turbine to produce mechanical power of the round.
Third, the generator directly to the turbine spinning amplifying devices generate electrical energy as a result of the rotation of the magnetic field in the coil, so when spinning turbines generated electricity from the generator output terminal
Fourth, after the Steam Turbine, the steam is cooled out through the condenser to be turned back into water which is called condensate water. Condensate water vapor condensation results then used again as a filler water boiler.
So this cycle takes place continuously and repeatedly.

PROCESS FLOW OF STEAM POWER PLANT

Each unit of a steam power plant consisted of a boiler (steam generator) with a cycle of superheat and or reheat steam turbine, generator, and voltage regulator. Air combustion is provided by two forced draft fan (FD Fan) and the water cycle consisting of filler of the condenser the condensate extraction pump, two, two water pumps and fillers water heater circuit low pressure and high pressure.
For Boiler with fuel oil, fuel distributed to units of the fuel system. Fuel the oil is stored in a tank inventory and distribution to the unit via the daily FUEL tank. Fuel oil HSD (light fuel oil) is used to start up the boiler.
For Boilers with Coal, coal fuel stored on site hoarding stockpiles. Coal in distribute the Steam power plant units of stacker/reclaimer stockpiles through the provided or with the dozer thru the hopper underground.
Water booster required to replace water lost through the blow down, vent as well as the drain. Water is obtained from water purification unit. Raw water generated from the unit
desalination and into the cooling water system.

Air conditioning (cooling water) supplied by the main cooling water system (circulating

water), and the auxiliary cooling water system. The main cooling water system taking water from the channel entrance to the cooling water heat exchanger and condenser system auxiliary coolers. Cooling water system serving the auxiliary boiler and turbine tool. This system is provided for the central power plant consisting of several units connected (interconnections) between the units. Exhaust Gas after crossing air heating (water heater) and regenerative Ash catcher (electrostatic precipitator) discarded into the atmosphere through the chimney that high.

RANKINE CYCLE

Working cycle Steam power plant which is a closed-cycle can be described with the T-s diagram (Temperature-entropy). This cycle is the application of ideal rankine cycle. As for the sequence of steps is as follows:

a-b: water pumped from the pressure P2 be P1. This step is the step compression isentropis, and this process happens on water pump filler.
b-c: pressurized Water is raised the temperature until it reaches the boiling point. Occurred in LP heater, HP heater and Economiser. .
c–d: water vapor saturated by Kitsune. This step is called vapourising (evaporation) with the process of moving isothermis, occurred in the boiler which is on wall tube (riser) and
steam drums.
d-e: Steam is heated further until it reaches the temperature of the steam it works being
steam hot (superheated vapor). This move happened in boiler superheated with the process moving along.
e-f: Steam does work so that the pressure and temperature drop. This step expansion is a step, and occurs in the isentropis turbine.
f-a: heat dissipation